Early in U.S. history, Alexander Hamilton proposed a ____________ to decrease heavy drinking
Prohibition
A whiskey tax
Abstinence
None of the above
Dr. E. M. Jellinek was a researcher that:
Is considered the godfather of the alcoholism movement
Identified small portions of the population vulnerable to alcohol
Suggested that someone with the innate propensity for alcoholism would actually develop the disease depends in part on living in an alcohol wet or dry environment
All of the above
Drinkers are:
Better educated, richer, less ambivalent
Poorly educated, poorer, ambivalent
Exactly the same
None of the above
Federal funding for research and treatment of alcoholism expanded and became institutionalized with the creation of :
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA)
Narcotics Anonymous (NA)
None of the above
Today, the “neo-prohibitionist” label suggests people that:
Are moralistic and naïve
Seek to reduce alcohol abuse by advocating controls on supply and higher taxes
Promote deregulation
Both a and b
At the time of the Civil War liquor was used for:
Drinking
Fluid for lamps
Industrial products
All of the above
The national prohibition was popularly known as the:
Volstead Act
Wilson Act
Webb-Kenyon Act
Reed Act
Enforcement of the Volstead Act was done by:
Congress
President
Treasury Department
Homeland Security
The class of people that maintained the same level of drinking throughout Prohibition was:
Middle and Upper class
Working class
Poor
None of the above
The most successful self-help organization of our time is:
Alcoholics Anonymous
Narcotics Anonymous
Al-Anon
Marijuana Anonymous
E. Morton Jellinek:
Identified 5 varieties of alcoholism
Wrote “The Disease Concept of alcoholism”
Offered a science-based understanding of alcoholism
All of the above
______________ was another proponent of the disease model who suggested that uncontrolled, maladaptive ingestion of alcohol is not a disease in the sense of a biological disorder; rather alcoholism is a disorder of behavior:
George Vaillant
E.M. Jellinek
Stanton Peele
Herb Finagarette
The case for a genetic basis to alcoholism is strengthened by the observation:
Identical twins are more alike with respect to the presence or absence of alcoholism than are fraternal twins
Fraternal twins are more alike with respect to the presence or absence of alcoholism than are identical twins
Identical and fraternal twins are equally alike with respect to the presence of alcoholism
Identical and fraternal twins are equally alike with respect to the absence of alcoholism
Project Match was an evaluation study that:
Involved a 12 week period of individual outpatient sessions
Randomly assigned patients to 1 of 3 approaches
Evaluated cognitive-behavioral, motivational enhancement, and 12 step facilitation therapies
All of the above
An intrinsic limitation to the medical approach is that:
It is not only alcoholics that cause and suffer abuse by their drinking
No treatment requires voluntary compliance
Prevention drugs are always effective
All of the above
From a population-health perspective:
Data on overall alcohol sales is irrelevant
Data on the entire distribution of consumption is of interest
Neither abstinence or heavy drinking have health implications
All of the above
Generally, it is easier to estimate ____________ consumption with some degree of accuracy
Individual
The distribution of individual drinking
Aggregate
None of the above
The 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) provided an estimate of pro capita consumption that vis about __________ of recorded pro capita sales:
Half
Double
Equal
None of the above
The prevalence of drinking peaks in the early ________ for both males and females:
Teens
20’s
30’s
40’s
In classical liberal thought, a choice is of greater public concern if the resulting harm is to:
The person making the choice
Bystanders
Society overall
Both a and b
Public health stands closer to a __________ ethic of social justice
Communitarian
Individualistic
Liberal
Conservative
A wide array of experiments document that ____________ of consequence occurrence seems to contradict the presumption of a rational choice
Severity
Timing
Order
Lack
The liberal tradition embodied in the harm principle claims to promote the greatest good by:
Leaving the adult individual free to make his own choices as long as others are not harmed
Promoting improvement of choices by government regulation
Denies the intrinsic value of freedom
None of the above
Information provision includes:
Warning labels on alcoholic beverages
Public service ads on television and radio
Alcohol curriculums in school health classes
All of the above
The Willingness to Pay (WTP) method contends:
The value of a persons life and health is measured by the value placed on enjoying a safe environment
Enjoyment is subjective and involves decisions that require judgment about the value of small increases or reductions in the probability of death
Both a and b
Neither a or b
The beer industry contends that it:
Directly and indirectly employs approximately 1.78 million Americans with 54 billion in wages and benefits
Has an economic ripple effect that benefits packaging manufacturers, shipping companies, agriculture, and other business’s that depend on it
Both a and b
Neither a or b
The economist Gary Beaker defined the optimal crime rate as:
Zero crime
The rate associated with a balancing of marginal costs and benefits of law enforcement
Both a and b
Neither a or b
In reference to alcohol control measures, the federal government:
Licenses and collects excise taxes from importers and manufacturers
Monitors product purity
Polices illegal production and trafficking
All of the above
In 2005, the Supreme Court ruled that states could ban direct shipment of wine:
For out of state producers only
For in state producers only
For out of state producers only if they did the same for in state producers
None of the above
Taxes have unique advantages as alcohol-control measures since they:
Help control alcohol abuse and its consequences without a direct restriction on freedom of choice
Provide a possibility for a calibrated response to the cost of alcohol related problems by being set high, low, or anywhere in between
Enhance public revenues
All of the above
Federal and state excise taxes:
Are unit taxes defined in terms of volume rather than product value
Are paid by the manufacturer or distributor
Have no automatic inflation protection
All of the above
A number of empirical studies have found that alcohol and marijuana are:
Substitutes
Complements
Not related
All of the above
Alcohol taxes are “regressive” taxes in that:
On average a larger percentage of the income of poorer households goes to pay this tax than in richer households
On average a smaller percentage of the income of poorer households goes to pay this tax than in richer households
On average the same percentage of the income of poorer households goes to pay this tax than in richer households
None of the above
A 1985 literature summary concludes:
Most drinkers prefer beer and those drinkers are more likely to drink/drive
Beer is disproportionately preferred by higher risk groups
Both a and b
Neither a or b
In addition to alcohol control there are two other vital approaches for public intervention:
Time, place, and circumstances + harm reduction
Time, place, and circumstances + abstinence
Alcoholics Anonymous + Disease Model
None of the above
Harm reduction:
Helps make the world less safe for drunks
Has goal to ease some of the natural consequences of excessive drinking
Demands total abstinence
All of the above
The federal government has pushed for additional restrictions on youthful drinking by:
Requiring campuses and military installations to enforce the minimum legal drinking age laws
Having states adopt zero tolerance for teen drivers
Both a and b
Solution:
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